Microbiology Report Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Microbiology Report - Essay Example Retail meat has lead to unfortunate flare-ups of shiga poison creating Escherichia coli in Europe. Shiga poison Escherichia coli is the main source of hemorrhagic colitis and this typically advances to the deadly hemolytic uremic disorder. Sullying of meat by shiga toxigenic Escherichia coli happens during the cleaning procedure. Poultry is vulnerable to Campylobacter pollution. Other regular microbial contaminants found in meat items as uncovered by reconnaissance concentrates in retail outlets are Listeria monocytogenes, Salmonella, Moraxella, Acinetobacter, Pseudomonas, Clostridium and Staphylococcus. These miniaturized scale life forms have harmfulness factors that add to pathogenicity in the human host and they incorporate poisons, adhesins and so forth. Microorganisms, for example, Moraxella, Acinetobacter, and Pseudomonas lead to food decay by means of gas creation, rot and souring. Aside microbes, parasites that lead to food decay and pathogenicity remember molds for the acco mpanying genera: Alternaria, Mucor and Cladosporium. Severe cleanliness must be maintained in retail butcheries so as to take out microbial tainting (Montville, 2008). The Food Standards Agency in the United Kingdom accommodates security guidelines in food retail outlets, for example, butcheries. They remember orders for cross-pollution, cleaning, chilling, cooking and arrangement. The different guidelines that address food sullying brought about by microscopic organisms and different microorganisms are found in an authoritative demonstration for example The microbiological rules guideline 2073/2005. It contains rules and guidelines for all food business administrators and is in concurrence with the norms set by the European Union (EU). The execution of general and explicit cleanliness measures is specified in article 2 of 2073/2005 and this is extremely applicable to meat creation and selling (Moss and Adams, 2008). As for the previously mentioned enactment, the most recent materia l enactment in the United Kingdom was affected in the year 2006 and this enactment requires that for any individual or firm to lead any retail meat business, they should have a food the board framework that is recorded. The report ought to carefully stick to the standards sketched out about danger examination of basic control point. The different zones that these rules are set to address is on body and body testing, dealing with and furthermore preparing just as bundling of the meat and meat items to guarantee that they are alright for human utilization without any microorganism that can cause food contamination (Moss and Adams, 2008). The administration framework required by the law is intended to guarantee that the meat merchant have the right approaches and strategies, that the workers have the right preparing, hardware and furthermore guarantee that the firm/meat vendor maintains and keeps records that can be utilized in future to help illuminate instances of food contamination or help the administration make some investigation about a specific concern. The visit to the butchery helped us think of a few perceptions on consistence with the set enactment. Most significant all meat items were all around marked and the starting point of the meat and arrangement was all around showed. All standard working techniques on cleaning and food cleanliness were likewise clung to. The director clarified the procedure of limit building and the consistent preparing of work force on sanitation guidelines. . The staff working there are profoundly prepared and

College Term Paper Writers

College Term Paper WritersCollege term paper writers are one of the most highly compensated and sought after academics throughout the world. Many students, who consider the demand for this kind of knowledge to be high, go to the extent of putting their education at risk. But with these papers, students can not only have an edge over their classmates but also improve their educational career. However, before any student is permitted to begin writing, they must pass a comprehensive review, which will assess the grade of every term paper that is written.First and foremost, writers must understand the purpose of writing. Their primary role should be to inform the reader of the topics covered in their paper. Since it is a part of the review of course work, writers should be able to communicate the information in a way that students will grasp easily. They must also make sure that the information that they provide is succinct and easy to comprehend.Before beginning a term paper, writers mu st already have a clear understanding of what they want to write. It is important to have a good idea of the kind of information that they would want to include in their paper. They must therefore have a clear concept of the topic that they want to cover, as well as, the type of content that they can supply.Writers must also read up on the topic thoroughly. This will not only help them create a concise outline for their paper, but also help them realize how well they know their topic. They can then adjust the structure of their paper according to the type of content that they think they need to cover.Writers must also make sure that they are properly briefed about the grade system in college. There are various types of grade systems that are available in college. These grades are used for different reasons, and the purpose is to assess the performance of students. When writing, writers should always ask for information and get feedback from professors regarding the grade that they s hould receive.Writing is a collaborative process. Writers should work together with their fellow colleagues and students in the class. This way, they can each contribute something to the overall grade of the project.Finally, writers must understand that they are only one of many potential paper authors. This means that it is important for writers to be prepared for any turn of events that might arise during the course of their term paper. They should have all the information that they need to make an effective presentation and give a polished paper.College term paper writers must follow the instructions of their professors when it comes to writing the paper. If writers are not taught how to write a term paper, they might end up being labeled as lazy or unprofessional. Achieving the grade that you desire in a term paper, whether this be a B or a C, can be very challenging.

Essay Examples - What Is the Personal Essay Sample for Middle School?

Essay Examples - What Is the Personal Essay Sample for Middle School?If you're a parent of a middle school student, you may be asking yourself, 'What are the personal essay samples for middle school?' Actually, there are several different types of essays, and these include essay prompts that are associated with grade requirements, essay examples, and essay samples that are common topics. This article will discuss some of the different types of essays that you can use to help your students write better essays. Take a look at this short guide below to get some tips on writing great essays for middle school.The first type of essay prompts are the same ones that are used in grade schools. These sample essays are also known as essay examples because they are what a teacher would look over when reviewing students' work. Here are some examples of these prompts:'A Science Project' is a prompt that is often used in grade schools. Teachers will look over your work to make sure that it is compl ete, and if it's not, they will give you a topic that you can write about. You should also include any other extras that are available to you in your science project. For example, the grade might require that you create a video, a movie, or an illustration to help illustrate your project.'Ezine Articles on Cooking and Beyond' is another type of essay samples. Instead of a personal essay, this sample is just an article for a magazine, so you'll have more room to create a well-written article. You'll also be given a lot of space to describe the advantages and disadvantages of a particular food or cooking technique.Another type of essay examples is the essay prompt 'Best Foods For All Occasions.' This one is unique because it's only for middle school students. Instead of focusing on a specific food or cooking technique, it will focus on a variety of dishes that you can offer as a choice.One type of essay samples is the 'Voting Questions' that is used in elementary schools. In addition to including the best types of foods and appliances, you should also include some sample voting questions that students can answer. This is something that all students can relate to, and you can come up with ideas for sample questions based on their experience in school.Finally, there are some essay samples that are best suited for high school students. These are personal essays that do not focus on one specific topic, and they are written from the perspective of the reader. For example, an essay might explain why students should vote 'yes' on a certain issue. You could also provide examples of essays that have been submitted in high school.Personal essay samples for middle school can be quite difficult to choose. In order to get the most from these samples, you should try to find one that will fit best with your students' interests and skills. You may also want to take some time to prepare your own personal essay samples because they can be a great tool to use in your writing.

Appendicitis Is The Inflammation Of The Appendix, Which

Appendicitis is the inflammation of the appendix, which causes the individual to be in a lot of pain and discomfort. It’s a very common case that is seen in the emergency department and any age group is susceptible to suffer from the infection. This essay will firstly give a detailed explanation on the pathiophysiology of appendicitis, secondly it will cover the theories of growth and development of a 10-year-old adolescent, the third topic covered will be family centred care. Lastly covered will be the affects hospitalisation has on the 10-year-old adolescent and their family. This paper will be focused on a casey study, a 10-year-old adolescent experiencing appendicitis whilst being supported by her parents. Appendicitis is an†¦show more content†¦(Medscapecom, 2017). Anne is to undergo a appendectomy which is a small operation to remove the inflamed appendix. The process used to remove the organ is called a Laparoscopic appendectomy which isn t invasive to the client. The surgeons remove the appendix from a single incision near the umbilicus, this process is used to prevent minimal scarring. (YongHun, K., WooSurng, L. (2016). During Anne’s operation the medical surgical team discover that her appendix has perforated and has caused a gangrenous infection, peritonitis. Peritonitis occurs when the appendix ruptures and bacteria enters the gastrointestinal tract. If this bacterial infection is left untreated it can spread and cause other serious health problems, such as a blood stream infection. Treatment for peritonitis will be a round of antibiotics, the type of antibiotic will be determined by how extensive the infection is. The antibiotics will boost the fight of infec tion and prevent the spread to surrounding organs. (Mayoclinicorg, 2017). As with everything, there is always psychology behind something. One of the most important growth and development theories is Jean Piaget’s cognitive development theory. In 1963 Piaget’s constructed a detailed and educational theory which solely focused on how a child mentally constructs a model of the world they live in. Piaget’s systematic cognitive development study includes stages of cognitive development, observationalShow MoreRelatedThe Appendix Is A Safe Haven For The Normal Flora Of The Gut Essay947 Words   |  4 PagesPatho The appendix is a small finger like attachment hooked to the cecum of the large intestine in the lower right portion of the abdomen. It has long been regarded as useless in today’s population, a â€Å"hanger on,† from a time of the past when it served some unknown function. Due to a lack of symptoms after its removal, that theory has been generally accepted. There are, however, theories developing that the appendix is used as a safe haven for the normal flora of the gut. These theories claimRead MoreFamily Centered Care : A Collaboration Among Patients, Families, Physicians, Nurses, And Other Professionals1176 Words   |  5 Pagesprovider more anxious (Harrison, 2009)† Pediatric disease process description and treatment Appendicitis is an inflammation of the appendix. The appendix is a 3 1/2-inch-long tube of tissue that extends from the large intestine, which is located in the lower right quadrant of the abdomen. Appendicitis is a medical emergency and requires surgery to remove the appendix. If left untreated, an inflamed appendix will burst, or perforate, â€Å"leaking out a thick liquid containing bacteria, tissue cells, andRead MoreAppendicitis Case Study1950 Words   |  8 Pagesvermiform appendix. This procedure is normally performed as an emergency procedure, when the patient is suffering from acute appendicitis. In the absence of surgical facilities, intravenous antibiotics are used to delay or avoid the onset of sepsis; it is now recognized that many cases will resolve when treated non-operatively. In some cases the appendicitis resolves completely; more often, an inflammatory mass forms around the appendix. This is a relative contraindication to surgery. APPENDICITIS AppendicitisRead MoreTime Goes By So Fast1415 Words   |  6 Pagesbrother in law never had complained about appendicitis so we never thought that this could be the case. We were wrong. What really got me unprepared was the fact that the same night he had to prepare for surgery. As I was alone at the waiting room of the hospital I started to do some research about appendicitis bothered by the fact that I couldn’t recognize it from my brothers in law symptoms. To be sincere I never thought about it. What is the appendix? The appendix is a pouch the size of a finger partRead MoreAcute Pain : Acute Abdominal Pain Essay2802 Words   |  12 PagesAppendicitis Appendicitis is an infection that requires immediate attention due to its severe harmful effects. Definition Appendicitis is the inflammation of the appendix. It is detrimental to treat the infection as soon as a diagnosis is confirmed. This usually causes the patient severe abdominal pain. In support the book states, â€Å"Appendicitis, inflammation of the vermiform appendix, is a common cause of acute abdominal pain.† The patient should be immediately treated due to the excessivelyRead MoreBenjamin Engelhart Essay2246 Words   |  9 PagesEMERGENCY SERVICES ADMISSION REPORT Patient Name: Benjamin Engelhart Patient ID: 112592 DOB 10/5/---- AGE: 46 SEX: Male Date of Admission 11/14/---- Emergency Room Physician: Alex McClure, MD Admitting Diagnosis: Acute Appendicitis HISTORY OF PRESENT ILLNESS: This 46-year old gentleman with past medical history significant only for degenerative disease of the bilateral hips, secondary to arthritis presents to the emergency room after having had 3 days of abdominal pain. It initiallyRead MoreThe Pathophysiology Of Mark s Presenting Compliant1628 Words   |  7 PagesAt the age of 8, a child often experiences a shift from the pre-operational thought when they were pre-schoolers to concrete operational thought. Mark who is 8 years old was undergoes an appendectomy and been diagnosed with a gangrenous perforated appendix with peritonitis. This essay will be describing the pathophysiology of Mark’s presenting compliant and also evaluating on the nursing role to deliver developmentally appropriate nursing care with the focus on Mark’s growth and developmental stageRead MoreClinical And Holistic Personal Health Factors Within An Emergency Nursing Framework3362 Words   |  14 Pageswoman with acute a bdominal pain requiring emergency assessment, and the subsequent diagnosis of acute appendicitis leading to surgical intervention. The aim of this paper is to explore the patient’s relevant presentation, clinical and holistic personal health factors within an emergency nursing framework. Two key areas of care will be identified to critique and examine in detail: acute appendicitis as an immediate concern, and long-term use of non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) and proton-pumpRead MoreHillcrest Medical Case 21899 Words   |  8 Pageson the study appeared thickened. Dilated appendix seen constant with acute appendicitis. Osseous structures of the abdomen appeared unremarkable. No free air was seen. PELVIS: Good quality, non contrasted actual CT examination of the pelvis with coronal reconstructions. Prostate, seminal vesicles and urinary bladder appeared WNL. The bowels seen on the study appeared WNL, except for inflammatory changes of the appendix and seccum with acute appendicitis. Osseous structures of the pelvis appearedRead MoreSymptoms And Treatment Of An Abdominal X Ray Essay1997 Words   |  8 Pagesacute appendicitis. She appears to be in a lot of pain, is on oxygen and has been vomiting. She speaks English and is accompanied by a nurse, her husband and their 2 year old child. 2.ACUTE APPENDICITIS The appendix is in the form of a pouchlike shape situated in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen. According to Health grades (2016), â€Å"Acute appendicitis is a rapidly progressing inflammation of a small part of the large intestine called the appendix.† The appendix in acute appendicitis, swells

Pyschology- Piaget and Vygotsky - 1964 Words

Piaget was the first psychologist to make a systematic study of cognitive development. Piaget was interested in how intelligence itself changes as children grow which he called genetic epistemology. Genetic epistemology was based on the 19th century biological concept of recapitulation (Piaget was a biologist first whom later trained as a psychologist). It was thought before piaget’s studies that children were merely less competent thinkers than adults. However, through his findings, Piaget showed that children think completely different than adults. According to Piaget, children are born with a very basic mental structure (genetically inherited and evolved) on which all subsequent learning and knowledge is based. Piaget based his theory†¦show more content†¦Vygotsky’s theory outlines that a child’s use of internalising language is crucial to their development. Through the use of socialising, children are encouraged to talk to themselves, write/ draw how they feel as a tool to their inner monologue. The use of language controls our thinking as well as communicating our thoughts to others; therefore the child is learning to think logically. â€Å"Thoughts becomes verbal and speech rational† ( Vygotsky, 1962). Vysgotsky observed that children are able to complete more difficult tasks if they have guidance. He describes this as scaffolding. Supporting the child is known by Vygotsky theory is ZPD (zone of proximal development). Here is where adult or ‘expert’ guide the child to their full potential. The expert will supply their knowledge of the situation slowly taking away their support or help until the child is able perform the task alone. Thus, with the appropriate semiotic mediation (scaffolding) the child abilities become sophisticated higher cognitive process. Piaget and Vygotsky are both significant contributors to the understanding of cognitive development. Both theories had the same approach to learning of constructivist; students learn by fitting new information with what they already know. Another similarity of the two theories is that they both believe boundaries of cognitive growth are established by social influences. They both have adapted to a child centred approach toShow MoreRelatedReflection: Kids Are Different Today1458 Words   |  6 Pageshas affected change on children in today’s world. The article, â€Å"Kids Really Are Different These Days,† discusses how â€Å"Upper elementary children today, while retaining many of the characteristics ascribed to them generations ago by theorists such as Piaget, Erikson, and Kohlberg, are different† (Coyl, 2009, p.404). Diana D. Coyle discusses how physical development, media and technology, self-understanding, and emotional competence impact students and make the m different from previous generations; evenRead MoreThe Theories Of Cognitive Development On The Curriculum And Instructional Strategies Used Within The Targeted Instructional Setting2170 Words   |  9 Pagesthis paper will present the implications of several theories of cognitive development on the curriculum and instructional strategies used within the targeted instructional setting. These include the cognitive development theories of Jean Piaget and Lev Vygotsky, among others. Based on these theories, two recommended adjustments to the curriculum content for the targeted instructional setting will be presented along with a justification for the recommendations. This is followed by a recommendation

Susan Glaspell s Trifles On Women - 1486 Words

Women were only for a moment part of the social role during the early twentieth century and were primarily given the reproductive role which limited them to raising children and taking care of their households and husbands. Susan Glaspell, a writer in the early twentieth century, lived during that time. As a result, most of Glaspell’s drama finds fault with society’s restricting view of women. This is made known through her play â€Å"Trifles.† Glaspell added distinct fine points to the play that allowed it to express sympathy and speak up for women. â€Å"Trifles† analyzes the gender issues and typical male stereotype of women by stating that women often worry about problems of little, or no significance. This stereotype makes the presumption that only males are concerned with significant issues, issues that females would never talk over or stand up to. One would imagine that in the year 2015, the world would be at its prime politically, economically, socially, and environmentally. Regrettably, we do not know how many more years it will take until we can have a fair and unbiased world. The stand point of women and their roles in society has made progress in the United States, but in much of the remainder of the world, women go on as the housekeepers and child bearers. Only recently have women taken a stand in demanding equal pay and hierarchy in their individual businesses. The coldness felt in the house as the sheriff and court attorney entered the house represented the sameShow MoreRelatedLack of Women Rights in Susan Glaspell ´s Trifles682 Words   |  3 Pagesis no mention of women in the declaration. Throughout history there have always been gender stereotypes and roles between men and women. People have always viewed men as the more dominant gender that have the most power and make the most money. It took a while for woman’s equalities to happened and really kick in. The one act play/story â€Å"Trifles† by Susan Glaspell, illustrates the lack of woman rights in the early 1900’s and the enslavement of women by their male partners. Glaspell tells the storyRead MoreThe Oppression Of Women : Susan Glaspell s Trifles And Sophocles Antigone981 Words   |  4 PagesOppression of Women in a Male Dominated Society The plays Susan Glaspell’s Trifles and Sophocles’ Antigone, examine the contrast between the roles of women versus that of a man. The women in Trifles are viewed as second class citizens, who are expected to follow the beliefs and commands of the man, whereas, Antigone is a head strong and defiant woman, who didn’t mind challenging man’s authority. From the beginning of time, the view of women is that as inferior to men. In both of these plays, the women areRead MoreEssay Susan Glaspell ´s Trifles: Women Unite979 Words   |  4 Pagesâ€Å"Trifles† by Susan Glaspell revolves around Mrs. Wright’s strange actions after her husband’s murder. With this in mind, it leads to an investigation. Meanwhile, Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale find incriminating evidence, but decide to hide it. Due to the actions of the women throughout the play, the main focus of â€Å"Trifles† is uniting women against their male counterparts. â€Å"Susan Glaspell, however; sought to represent the lives and hardships of the simple rural women residing in various regions in AmericaRead More A Comparison of Feminism in Trifles and A Jury of Her Peers Essay example1104 Words   |  5 PagesFeminism in Trifles and A Jury of Her Peers  Ã‚     Ã‚  Ã‚   As a strong feminist, Susan Glaspell wrote â€Å"Trifles† and then translated it to a story called â€Å"A Jury of Her Peers.†Ã‚   These works express Glaspell’s view of the way women were treated at the turn of the century.   Even though Glaspell is an acclaimed feminist, her story does not contain the traditional feminist views of equal rights for both sexes.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   The short story and the play written by Susan Glaspell are very much alike.   The storyRead MoreTrifles : A Dramatic Examination Of Gender Role1031 Words   |  5 PagesTrifles: A Dramatic Examination of Gender Role Trifles is a dramatic one act play written by American female playwright Susan Glaspell. The play examines through the framework of a murder mystery how rigid gender role dynamics in the early 20th century not only shaped people s thinking, but blinded them from seeing what would otherwise be clear as day to someone else. During the time the play was written the women s liberation movement had yet to take place. Women were strongly stereotyped andRead MoreFeminist in Susan Glaspell ´s Play Trifles999 Words   |  4 Pages Trifles In Susan Glaspell’s play Trifles a man has been murdered by his wife, but the men of the town who are in charge of investigating the crime are unable solve the murder mystery through logic and standard criminal procedures. Instead, two women (Mrs. Hale and Mrs. Peters) who visit the home are able to read a series of clues that the men cannot see because all of the clues are embedded in domestic items that are specific to women. The play at first it seems to be about mystery, but itRead MoreWomen In Susan Glaspells Trifles931 Words   |  4 PagesSusan Glaspell’s â€Å"Trifles† attempts to answer a single question for the public. Why do women, a stereotypically quiet and submissive group, turn to murder? The male dominated society of the 1900’s found answers by simply branding them as insane; men were never to blame because only a crazy women would turn on a man. However, Glaspell empowers the women of her play in their submissive roles by utilizing the oppression by men to point out the holes in the male-dominated legal system. Linda Ben-ZviRead MoreTrifles981 Words   |  4 PagesReview of â€Å"Trifles† Susan Glaspell play, â€Å"Trifles†, revolves around Mrs. Wright, a woman who seeks revenge on her husband for oppressing her through their years of marriage. During the time of Glaspell’s play, early 1900’s, men are the dominant figures in society and women are expected to cook, clean, raise children and care for their husbands. Glaspell’s play, â€Å"Trifles†, main goal is portraying a theme of women being oppressed through marriage by the use of symbolism through a canary and a birdRead MoreSusan Glaspell s A Jury Of Her Peers1174 Words   |  5 Pagesis a short story written by Susan Glaspell in 1917 and follows the investigation of the murder of John Wright, with his wife Minnie Wright being the alleged murderer. Martha and Lewis Hale assist Sheriff Peters and his wife, Mrs. Peters, with investigating the scene of the crime. Throughout the story, women notice significance in their findings, of which the men overlook. The men have a dismissi ve attitude towards the women, ignoring their contributions. When the women solve the crime in the endRead MoreLiterary Analysis of Susan Glaspells Trifles1788 Words   |  7 PagesAn Analysis of Natures in Susan Glaspells Trifles A trifle is something that has little value or importance, and there are many seeming trifles in Susan Glaspells one-act play Trifles. The irony is that these trifles carry more weight and significance than first seems to be the case. Just as Glaspells play ultimately reveals a sympathetic nature in Mrs. Peters and Mrs. Hale, the evidence that the men investigators fail to observe, because they are blind to the things that have importance

Multiple Levels of Corporate Sustainability for Journal of Business Et

Question: Discuss about a Report on Multiple Levels of Corporate Sustainability for Journal of Business Ethics ? Answer: Introduction Development of sustainable construction is defined as the growth which meets the requirements of the present without compromising the capability of future generations to meet their own desires. Sustainable construction strategy is defined is the need to find a steadiness between the designing features such as commercial, environmental and social factors in the construction and use of building. Economy Cost Value of the whole life of engineering Capital vs revenue Environment Minimize exhaustion of the natural resources, prevention of pollution and R3 Social Fit for determination Meeting habitation Support local budget Minimize trouble to local populations Fig. 1: Requirements of Sustainable construction Strategy In United Kingdom almost half of the total carbon emission is due to the buildings(Sustainable Construction). The construction of buildings consumes about, a quarter of all raw materials, one third of landfill excess and a half of the total water consumption used in the economy. The construction strategy is required to drive the sustainable development outline. Need for Sustainable construction strategy A strategy for sustainable construction(BERR, 2008) has been published by the government of United Kingdom. The main points are as follows: Change in climate conditions reduce up to 60% of the CO2 emission by 2050;Energy all non-domestic buildings to be zero carbon by 2019;Water introduction of more efficient water fittings standards;Waste up to 50% reduction in waste sent to landfill by 2012 (based on 2008);Materials minimize ecological and communal effects, for example reduce the use sustainable sources such astimber by April 2009;Lack of fulfillment of public promises, administrative will and message delivery;Environment and economy related issues are not transparent for most of the situations. The different interests and the life span viewpoints of the actors: aims to have long lasting products and sustainable activity; Unawareness and the ignorance of the requirements of the sustainable construction. For example: banks are unable to distinguish the sustainable and not sustainable construction buildings at the time of approval of the loan. Ignorance of the suitable technology and more preferable tools due to th e unfamiliarity about the latest technology. False assumption about the sustainable construction for example assuming that the construction is costly and biased.No united attitude of the actors, for example all performers dont work towards the same aim.Unavailability of technical and commercial systems, tools and standards to assure the availability of the materials for the productivity. Set up a start a sincere marketplace of sustainable construction.be established on the standards of supportable advancement ensure a procedure of persistent changebe fit for succeeding, on the premise of characterized achievement components Social costs = private costs + external costs Social benefits = private benefits + external benefits. Sustainability Criteria focus on these points also: Resource depletion In the process of production resource depletion is an essential part in market resources or non-market resources. There is a two way relationship between the economic growth market and the natural resources. It refers all the natural resources, atmosphere and the climate, it influences among the valuable resources because climate change is the complex issue to solve Environmental degradation Environmental degradation occurs due to the depletion of natural resources such as water, soil and air; the damage of ecologies and the loss of wildlife. Environmental conditions consider the energy use, resources waste and their recycling, pollution and harmful constituents, clinical changes and global warming issues, land utilization and conservation and reduction of the waste of construction building. Healthy environment Healthy working environment is the essential requirement of the sustainable construction strategy. This point consider the points: development of less destructive environmental sites, energy conservation environment development, utilization of solar energy, maximum use of low emitting materials and absorption of recycled materials. Multistory building construction strategy The principles of Building design construction creates (Building planning and Massing, 2010) a plan for the selection of material for building, manufacturing related difficulties, from gathering raw materials to manufacturing process, manufacturing distribution and installation of construction setup and ultimate recycling or disposal. Construction of building is divided into three phases: Pre-Building; Building; and Post-Building. The Pre-Building Process portrays the generation and conveyance procedure of a material up to, yet excluding, the purpose of establishment. This incorporates finding crude materials in nature and separating, assembling, bundling, and transportation to a building site. This stage has the most potential for creating ecological harm. Understanding the ecological effects in the pre-building stage will prompt the insightful determination of material for building. Crude material acquisition strategies, the assembling procedure itself, and the separation from the assembling area to the building site all have ecological results. A consciousness of the starting points of material for building is critical to a comprehension of their aggregate ecological effect when communicated as a building(Growing Green, Boosting the bottom line with sustainable business practices, 2008). The Building Process alludes to a material for building obliging life. This stage starts at the purpose of gathering the material into a structure, incorporates the upkeep and mending of the material, what's more, stretches out for the duration of the materials lifetime inside or as the building feature. Development: The solid waste created on the site of development building can be significant. The choice of material for decreased development waste for the development of building, and the reusable waste, is discriminating in this period of life cycle of the building. Use/Maintenance: Introduction to particular material for building for a long time may be dangerous to the security of the tenants of the building. Indeed, even with a developing consciousness of the ecological well -being matters regarding presentation to specific items, there is little accentuation by and by or schools on picking materials in view of their potential for gassing hazardous compounds, obliging continuous maintenance with such compounds, or obliging continuous substitutions that tolerate the cycle of presentation. The raw materials after their utility in a building have expired. The Post-Building process is the process that reuses the entire material its components have recycled back into other products, or be discarded. The least reflected and understood phase of construction strategy occurs when the usefulness of the material for building has been drained from the perspective of the designer. Toxic wastes might be produced by the degradation of materials. Most of the landfill spaces are gradually increasing due to the consumption of inert components. The adaptive reuse of an existing structure conserves the energy that went into its materials and construction. Case Study Two blocks of a multistory building with 10 and 7 stories.A block of 3 story officeKey points of the construction building:Requirement of swimming pool.Integrated system design to reduce energy consumption, lower evaporation rate and saving of water.Initial foundation work: Team individuals grow unpleasant issues to make a typical seeing on issues including environmental frameworks, vitality frameworks, water frameworks, material assets, expertise assets and development. Workshops: Team individuals meet up to think about thoughts, set execution objectives and offer skill as an one durable group of co-architects. E.g. objectives on sun oriented warmth pick up diminishment, vitality sparing, water sparing, water reusing, and so on. Research Evaluation: Team individuals take a shot at their particular issues refining the investigation, testing options, collaborating and creating thoughts in littler or centered gatherings. Final stage outline: Finalized documentation turns into the pr emise for further plan advancement work by colleagues at the followMarrewijk, M., Werre, M. (2003). Multiple Levels of Corporate Sustainability. Journal of Business Ethics, 107-119. References: Working Group Sustainable construction methods and Techniques. (2004). Background Paper for the Stakeholder Platform Event. Brussels. BERR. (2008). Retrieved from www.southampton.ac.uk/susdev/documents/sustainable_construction.pdf. Growing Green, Boosting the bottom line with sustainable business practices. (2008). APICS Magazine. Building planning and Massing. (2010). The Centre for Sustainable Buildings and Construction. Singapore: Building and Construction Authority. Working Group SUSTAINABLE CONSTRUCTION METHODS AND TECHNIQUES. (2012). Retrieved from ec.europa.eu/environment/.../stakeholder.../appendix7_wg_construction. Kim, J. J. (1998). Qualities, Use,and examples of Sustainable Building Materials. National Pollution Prevention Center for Higher Education. Strategy for sustainable construction. (n.d.). Retrieved from www.southampton.ac.uk/susdev/documents/sustainable_construction.pdf. Sustainable Construction. (n.d.). Retrieved from www.southampton.ac.uk/susdev/documents/sustainable_construction.pd.

A Passage to India Essay Example

A Passage to India Essay E. M. Forsters novel, A Passage to India, is a look into the lives of both the colonizer and the colonized. While the plight of the colonized is tragic, filled with degrading images of subjugated civilizations and noble people reduced to mere laborers, it is the colonizer, the British of India, and their rapid change from newly arrived colonist to rigid and unforgiving ruler that draws my interest. The characters constantly comment on these changes that occur to the British once they adjust to the imperialist lifestyle. In the second chapter of the novel Hamidullah, a Muslim character, remarks to his friends, Yes, they have no choice here, that is my point. They come out intending to be gentlemen and are told it will not do. . . . I give any Englishman two years. . . . And I give any Englishwoman six months (Forster 7). Miss Quested constantly worries about becoming this caricature of her former self and also recognizes the changes in her husband-to-be, Ronny, as he fits into the British ruling class lifestyle. Fielding looks at the uncaring people his compatriots have become and marvels as he befriends an Indian Muslim. Is it possible that colonialism has an effect on the colonizer as well as the colonized? Forster clearly demonstrates that colonialism is not only a tragedy for the colonized, but effects a change on the colonizer as well. But how and why does this change occur? Aime Cesaire proposed that it is simply the savage nature of colonization that changes man into their most primal state (20). This does not work because there is no blatant savagery as in Heart of Darkness. We will write a custom essay sample on A Passage to India specifically for you for only $16.38 $13.9/page Order now We will write a custom essay sample on A Passage to India specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer We will write a custom essay sample on A Passage to India specifically for you FOR ONLY $16.38 $13.9/page Hire Writer Forster doesnt seem to be parading the cruelty of the colonizer. Thomas Gladwin and Ahmad Saidin suggest that the change is simply the myth of the white man as the British citizens assert their crowns of supposed natural, higher intelligence and worth (47). This does seem to be a good argument because of the superiority that the British colonists take upon themselves in the novel, sequestering themselves in the British club that no mere Indian can be a part of. However, it doesnt account for the more inquisitive and benevolent natures of Adela and Mr. Fielding and their acts and opinions toward the Indian people. In his essay Shooting and Elephant, George Orwell states that: When the white man turns tyrant it is his own freedom that he destroys. He becomes a sort of hollow, posing dummy, the conventionalized figure of a sahib. For it is the condition of his rule that he shall spend his life in trying to impress the natives, and so in every crisis he has got to do what the natives expect of him. He wears a mask and his face grows to fit. (152) Orwell suggests that the change is merely the taking on of a role and that the colonizer is an actor required to play the part of the British ruler. It is expected by the native people, and also by their fellow colonists. This expectation is shown through the comment of Hamidallah and his insistence of the inevitable change. It is expected. It is the acceptance of this role is the change that affects the characters in A Passage to India, and if this is the accepted norm, then it goes to reason that those who do not accept it will find themselves outcasts of the society they reject. This is what I intend to show by comparing the plights of Forsters characters Ronny, Adela, and Fielding, as I explore their differing approaches to this role and the effects that come of either accepting or rejecting it . The first groups of colonizers are those who accept the act of leadership whole-heartedly. They separate themselves from the population, declaring their own superiority over the masses as they build their walled compounds content to be out of sight and sound of any Indians, with the exception of their servants (of course) (Kurinan 44). They seek to make Britain in India, rather than accepting and glorifying the resident cultures. They remain strangers to it, practically living in a separate country they provided for themselves, yet ruling one that they remained aloof from (Eldridge 170). This is the Englishman or woman who feels that without British rule everything will fall to ruin and chaos, anarchy being the ruling class in their stead (Kurinan 33). This is also the class that Albert Memmi, author of The Colonizer and the Colonized (and a former colonized citizen himself), calls the colonizer who accepts (45). It is the colonizer who accepts his or her given role as ruler and god over the colonized people. Memmi supports Orwells idea of the role they play by stating that the colonizer must assume the opaque rigidity and imperviousness of stone. In short, he must dehumanize himself as well (xxvii). Those who accept the role of the British administrator lose a part of themselves in the process, becoming an actor instead of a man, doing what is expected, not what is right. Forster picks up on this idea as well. Ronny Healsop is the character that exemplifies the ruling class of the nineteenth century British colonizers. He fulfills the characteristics of the administrative class. He adopts the aloof and chilly manner that was characteristic, caring only about his superiority over the Indians and his evenings at the club with his own kind (Kurinan 43). He shows his callousness and robotic adherence to his role as magistrate in India in an argument with his mother. Were out here to do justice and keep the peace. Themes my sentiments. India isnt a drawing room. Youre sentiments are those of a god, she said quietly, but it was his manner rather than his sentiments that annoyed her. Trying to recover his temper, he said, India likes gods. And Englishmen like posing as gods. Theres no point in all this. Here we are, and were going to stop, and the countrys got to put up with us, gods or no gods. . . .I am out here to work, mind, to hold this wretched country by force. Im not a missionary or a Labor Member or a vague sentimental sympathetic literary man. Im just a servant of the Government. . . .Were not pleasant in India, and we dont intend to be pleasant. Weve something more important to do (51-52). Ronny dehumanizes himself with his constant ravings about having more important things to do in India than being pleasant to the natives. He puts himself up as a god, only there for justice and to hold the country together by force. He sheds any ideas of sentiment and in doing so shows how such ideas are looked upon with derision by the ruling class of the colony. Adela, Ronnys intended fiancee, recognizes this loss of humanity in him from his arguments. She thinks about his manner and it upsets her that he did rub it in that he was not in India to behave pleasantly, and derived positive satisfaction there from! . . . The traces of young-man humanitarianism sloughed (52). What she doesnt realize is that Ronny is merely accepting his role as Orwells conventionalized figure of a sahib and Memmis typical colonizer: harsh and cold with no time or inclination toward sentiment. Adela Quested is troubled by this conventionalized role. She comes to India to see its wonders and to connect with its people. Her first moments of seeing Ronny are telling because they show her reluctance to take upon herself the role of the British administrative archetype. She marvels at how he has changed and how unsympathetic he is to those he rules over. This idea is something that haunts her as she continually struggles with the role she must take on if she marries Ronny and remains in India. She has a hard time reconciling the notion of the India she sees with that she must be apart of. In front, like a shutter, fell a vision of her married life. She and Ronny would look into the club like this every evening, then drive home to dress; they would see the Lesleys and the Callenders and the Turtons and the Burtons, and invite them and be invited by them while the true India slid by unnoticed (48). Adela does not wish to be a part of the society that Ronny is so fond of. She even goes so far as to ask an Indian about how she can avoid becoming as the other women, something that no other British woman would do. As she rejects her role as actress in the British imperial play, Adela becomes Memmis colonizer who refuses (19), becoming contemptible in the sight of the English society of India. Those who did not accept this role were viewed as the enemy in the imperial point of view. Memmi points out that those who enter the colonies must accept or go home. There is no middle ground. Those who show signs of humanitarian romanticism are viewed as the worst of all dangers and are on the side of the enemy (20). Adelas thoughts are always viewed as naive and idealistic, but everyone has faith that she will fit in in time. The British laugh at her notions of wanting to see the real India that they try to shut out every day, but they figure that she will fall in line in the end. But what happens if she doesnt? Adelas refusal to pursue charges against Aziz when she realizes her folly in accusing him of attempted molestation leaves her ostracized. She rejects the role of imperialist colonizer and must live with the consequences. Those who were once her greatest supporters, fawning over her illness and pretending to be so caring and concerned, now become her most vehement enemies. Memmi observed that those colonizers who felt their ideas were betrayed became vicious (21). As Adela found out after her acquitting remarks on Azizas behalf, her friends turned against her, her superiors denounced her, and even Ronny left her. Adela realizes that if she doesnt choose to wear the mask of imperialism that one belongs nowhere and becomes a public nuisance without realizing it. . .I speak of India. I am not astray in (291). One key element of her statement is that she is only a nuisance in India. Memmi asserts that those who are good cannot stay in the colony (21). The best of people must leave because they cannot accept the consequences of their remaining as a colonist. This idea also shows that these changes in character are only exhi bited in India. The English in England share differing opinions and ideas. They are not caught in the play as the colonists are and so it shows that a definite change exists between leaving England and acclimatizing to India. Therefore, Adela, although cast out from the imperial administrative class of , may remain unchanged and return to . The last character is that of Fielding. Fielding takes on the role of the colonizer who refuses, but he takes a different path than Adela. Instead of leaving he turns to the colonized for support. Fielding always connects with the Indians. He has no qualms about speaking to them or visiting them in their homes, even visiting Aziz when he falls ill. He doesnt frequent the club, because he doesnt share all of the same opinions that the ruling English colonizers do. Fielding also realizes the truth that the real India lays not in the British imperial scope, but in the Indians themselves. When Adela is expressing her desires to see the real India, Ronny asks Fielding how one sees the real India. Fieldings answer is Try seeing Indians (25). This question results in many of the people at the club talking about how they see too many Indians and too often. This comment about seeing the real India through its people, however, shows a definite sympathy with a conquered people, more than any of the other British people were willing to show at any point. Fielding takes his rejection of the imperialist nature so far as to support and defend the natives against his own people. When Aziz is accused of assault on Adela, Fielding is the first to come to his aid, forsaking his own people. He even defiles the sanctity of the club, choosing it to be his battle ground and denouncing his own people and the play that they have chosen to act in. He makes a very bold statement to the amazement of his fellow British subjects. He declares, I believe Dr. Aziz to be innocent. . . . If he is guilty I resign from my service, and leave India. I resign from the club now (210). He completely rejects his people in their chosen sanctuary, defiling their temple of Britishness and becoming their number one enemy. He is immediately denounced as he rejects this role of imperial aristocrat for benevolent humanitarian. He refuses the mask and doesnt just walk away from it, as Adela must eventually do, but he stomps on it. He in no way forsakes his British heritage, but he realizes that friendship is possible with the Indians, and he is willing to fight for his cause. He becomes the moral hero to the Indians, a quality that Memmi says is important to his acceptance into their confidence. But, Memmi also states that Fielding cannot completely join them because above all he is still British and therefore holds the same ideas and prejudices that he grew up with (45). That is unavoidable because, after all, Fielding is still a British citizen, something that cant be erased. In the end Fielding does turn back to his own people, marrying an English girl, but I think it is significant that he returns to England to find this girl, who is connected with Miss Quested and Mrs. Moore, the two idealistic characters in the novel. Fielding becomes more of a part of the imperial ociety with his marriage ties, but he remains free of the change that occurs in the colonies by making his match away from India. He stays free of the role of imperial actor and continues on with his notions of friendship and peace with the Indian people. I assert that Forster presented Fielding as an example of how to resist the imperial Indian machine and yet still maintain his British culture. Fielding is the most sympathetic, not wavering on his regard for the people, only realizing the differences that may lie between their personalities and cultures. When he becomes the colonizer that refuses, Fielding shows that resistance of the changes that come upon the colonizer is possible and that the role of imperial actor may be refused. Imperialism was a British institution for a long time. It brought British people in contact with many cultures and peoples. It also helped them to affect a great amount of change on indigenous ways of life. The images and accounts of the brutality and callousness of the Imperial administrators are legendary and will always be the most examined part of its long stretch until its fall in the twentieth century. These effects on the native cultures are important, as are the accounts of their plights, however now we can see that Imperialism and colonization didnt only affect the colonized, but that it had an effect on the colonizer as well. Aime Cesaire stated that colonial activity, colonial enterprise, colonial conquest, which is based on contempt for the nature and justified by that contempt, inevitable tends to change him who undertakes it (20). Living the life of imperialism has its stamp. It cant help but have it. As George Orwell insinuated, it is a play, and the imperial citizens and administrators were actors, trying to play their parts as demi-gods with great confidence and authority (Kuinan 55). When any person did not live up to the art of performance, they either returned to England or joined in the plight of the native, being ostracized from their people. Forster presents a picture of this Imperial England. A Passage to India provides a perfect stage in which to watch the action play out among those who accept their role and those who rebel, whether knowingly or not. His portrayal of the characters Ronny, Adela, and Fielding show the three different types of colonizers that Memmi observed in his own life as a suppressed native. Each character portrays a different situation and mind set, demonstrating the different alternatives in the colonial/imperial life. Through these characters we truly see the effects that imperialism had on not only the colonized, but also the colonizer, showing that no one is immune .

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Report PREFACE BUSINESS MODELLING AND VALUATIONSummer Project for Ernst YoungSubmitted byGEETA WADHWANIIB1311340For the award of thePOSTGRADUATE DIPLOMA IN MANAGEMENTBALAJI INSTITUTE OF INTERNATIONAL BUSINESSSRI BALAJI SOCIETY, PUNE`PREFACEThe summer training program is objected to understand the corporate world and its various aspects. The training helps us in gaining practical and managerial knowledge which is very much different from what is given in the books. The internship provides us the insight into the real corporate world which would help us make a presence in this vast professional environment.The masters of business administration course is not limited to managing things but has a wide area of performance and perspective which is applied in today's world of management jobs. The internship program is an extremely essential part of MBA which makes an individual more experienced and practical towards today's organizational undertakings.The project report has been written in an organized manner in the form of a procedure so that one does not feel discomfort in understanding it.Visa requirements for Peruvian citizensSpecial colours need to be provided by the companyDeposit fee should be used to ensure the integrity of the card.A recharging station should be opened on weekends, but the opening hours may be reduced.A process of card recycling may be a new tourism spot to compensate for recycling costs.Transfer train stations should become travel cards recharging stations.A counselor should be considered as a conciliator to avoid conflicts between Chinese manager and employees.Background to the projectBeijing travel card limited company was founded in 2000 and a core competency of the company is to produce and sell travel cards to citizens and tourists. (Beijing Superpass Limited Company, n.d.). Travel card is an uniform card to pay for all kinds of transaction cost, which uses advanced computer network, automatic control, information processing, communication and other technology in an integrated circuit(IC) card, which can...

Managing the United Kingdom Health Service Essay

Managing the United Kingdom Health Service - Essay Example This has been totally missing from the management at NHS. Management is can be defined both as art and science. It is the art of bringing out efficiency of people and making them more effective than they would have been with you. There are four basic pillars: plan, organize, direct, and monitor. The basic role of a manager is to make the staff more effective. Making them do work more efficiently than they are doing presently. If you add value to your staff's work, you are a successful manager. However, in NHS, managers are mere implementers who have no active decision making power. They merely implement the rules and regulations dictated by the Government. There is no way that they can add value to their or their staff's work. The managers at NHS feel that their role is unrecognised by patients, colleagues, the public and the government. Managers at NHS have less autonomy and less involvement in key decision making than their staff assume. And they are subjected to increasing control. Without a plan you will never succeed. If you happen to make it to the goal, it will have been by luck or chance and is not repeatable. You may make it as a flash-in-the-pan, an overnight sensation, but you will never have the record of accomplishment of accomplishments of which success is made. This important element of effective management is missing at NHS. Infact the organisation lacks serious planning and focus. As a result, the quality of services has been detortiating and ultimately the managers are planned by both government as well as public for inefficient services even though they have no power to run the organisation with a vision of their own. A study reveal that the notion of management had become divorced from clinical practice, even though many managers were doctors or nurses who had taken on the role to try to make a difference. To them, what was now called management was just an extension of the profession. Organize Organising and priortising work to ensure smooth, timely as well as quality deliveries and services form the core of good management. The lack of proper management results in poor organisation and prioritisation of work at NHS. Direct Directing your subordinates not as you are directing them but as if you are guiding them how to perform their specific job role. I like to think of this part like conducting an orchestra. Everyone in the orchestra has the music in front of them. They know which section is playing which piece and when. Now you need only to tap the podium lightly with your

The Relationship between Rationality of Investors and Market Essay

The Relationship between Rationality of Investors and Market Efficiency - Essay Example In an efficient market, significant information is freely accessible to all participants. Researchers argue that with the current availability and utilization of complicated modeling in capital markets and with substantiality superior revelation and analysis, superior approximations of returns may be made by expert investors (Keim & Ziemba, 2000, p. 255). These computations of returns approximations are possible where there are efficient market mechanisms. Therefore, there is a positive relationship between market efficiency and rationality of investors. (Jones, 2009, p. 329).The Efficient Market Hypothesis   In 1900, Louis Bachelier developed hypotheses of investment payoffs. Keim & Ziemba The Efficient Market Hypothesis is one of these theories of investment payoffs. The Efficient Market Hypothesis hypothesizes that, at any given time, equity prices fully replicate all accessible information. The propositions of the efficient marketplace hypothesis are profound (Fama, 1995, p. 4) . Most traders who sell and buy equities do these under the postulation that the equities they are selling are worth below the selling price while equities they are purchasing are worth in excess of the price that they are disbursing. However, if there is an efficient market and current prices fully replicate all information, then selling and purchasing in an endeavor to outperform the marketplace will efficiently be a game possibility rather than expertise (Jones, 2009, p. 329).... 5) notes, Simon suggested three ways which a resolution maker can endeavor to optimize their returns. First, using max-min rule of the game theory, every investor deems the worst possible result for every investment and builds a portfolio, which will generate the biggest value when made up of a mixture of these minimum values. However, it is worth noting that there is no rational investor who would select securities, given that the worst likely result for equities is loss. Secondly, an investor can build a mixture of investment alternatives where the likelihood of every outcome is maximized. The combination of these investment alternatives will depend of the risk profile of every portfolio. Jones (2009, p. 325) observes that investment risk is positively related to the returns of that investment, implying that the investment with high risks generates higher returns. Rational investors will undertake investments which correspond to their risk tolerance categories. Thirdly, Simon visua lizes the investor selecting one entire portfolio from a set of alternatives which will maximize the value. This may be selecting a portfolio containing bonds only, equities only, from accessible investment alternatives. Simon deems that the complexity of computation in relation to real human choice circumstances is beyond the average investor; however, with market efficiency these calculations can be performed. In an efficient market, significant information is freely accessible to all participants. Researchers argue that with the current availability and utilization of complicated modeling in capital markets and with substantiality superior revelation and analysis, superior approximations of returns may be made by expert investors (Keim & Ziemba, 2000, p. 255). These

The role of music in your life Essay Example for Free

The role of music in your life Essay Music connects us to time and place. For instance, many of us may remember a song that comforted us during a difficult time or what was playing during a happy occasion like a graduation or engagement. Despite our varying tastes, the one constant is that music plays a role in times of comfort and celebration. This week’s project asks you to consider what songs are important to you and why. You can think of this as defining the soundtrack of your own life. In 750-1000 words, consider and explain the role of music in your life story: 1. What music do you associate with childhood? How did/does this music make you feel? How do your choices reflect your childhood experiences? 2. What music do you associate with adolescence? Was this music a way to fit in or rebel? 3. What music do you associate with comfort? How do these songs help you deal with disappointment or stress? 4. What music do you associate with happiness? Why? Your essay should be double-spaced and include a title page in APA format. The title page does not count in the word count for the project. Submitting Your Assignment Put your project in a Word document. Save it in a location and with a name that you will remember. When you are ready to submit it, click on the Dropbox and complete the steps below: †¢ Click the link that says Submit an Assignment.

Schizophrenia :: Schizophrenics Psychiatry Disorder

Schizophrenia is not a single disease, but a broad category of mental illnesses. Schizophrenia is a psychiatry disorder where several structural disturbances occur in the brain. It normally takes place in the temporal and frontal lobes, changing the neural systems and affecting the neurotransmitters in charge of controlling the functioning that takes place in these areas. It is not a structural brain disease that shows up early on X-rays CAT scans, or EEGs. Schizophrenics also have defects in the handling of amino acids. Schizophrenia usually affects men while they are young and women later in their lives. Schizophrenia often starts out very slowly and progresses to a severely disabling mental illness. Early Schizophrenics tend to experience spontaneous dream like episodes with material that resembles art, myth poetry, and B-movies. Many Patients also show negative symptoms, such as decreased emotional arousal, mental activity, and social drive. Schizophrenia is often confused with split personality, but it is not the same, Though in reality schizophrenia means â€Å"split mind†. Many scientists believe there are four types of schizophrenia. First of all there is the simple or â€Å"undifferentiated† type, which is characterized by a gradual reduction in the external relations and interests. Next there is the â€Å"hebephrenic† or disorganized type, it is characterized by delusions and false perceptions. Then there is the â€Å"catatonic† type in which there is a state of inactivity and striking motor skills. Last there is the â€Å"paranoid† type which usually arises later in life, which is associated with illogical thinking, delusions of persecution ,or of grandeur. While these four specific types have not been universally accepted, it is the approach most commonly accepted by most psychiatrists. Schizophrenia crosses all socioeconomic, cultural, and racial boundaries. Different theories of the beginning of schizophrenia have centered on anatomical, biochemical, psychological, social, genetic, and environmental cause. The general view is that the schizophrenic types of reaction result from faulty adjustments to a variety of underlying conditions that may be either physical or psychological, or both. Treatments for schizophrenia may include replacing food with ENF, fortified with higher than usual intake of vitamins such as B1, B3, B6, B12, and mineral intake.

Effect of Patient Preferred Music on Pain in Postoperative Patients

The relief of acute pain in adult postoperative patients continues to be a common problem despite the use of pharmacologic therapies. Unrelieved pain can cause various effects including: increased heart rate and blood pressure; increased need for oxygen; tachypnea; increased susceptibility to infection; and anxiety/fear (Swift, 2018). Nurses strive to provide the best care for their patients and this includes finding alternative ways to help with unrelieved pain. Providing music as an adjunct to the standard of care for pain has been shown to reduce acute pain in postoperative patients (Comeaux & Steele-Moses, 2013; Nilsson, Rawal, & Unosson, 2003; Zografakis-Sfakiankakis et al., 2017). The following research proposal intended for the institutional review board (IRB) will discuss the purpose of the study; background and significance; participants and methodology; recruitment; participant confidentiality; participant safety; consent process; risks and burdens; benefits; cost and payment; data and document security; and follow-up and dissemination of results.Purpose of StudyThe purpose of this study is to determine whether allowing patients to listen to their preferred choice of music compared to providing them with pre-selected instrumental music is more effective, when used as an adjunct to the standard of care for pain, on reducing the perception of pain in the adult postoperative patient.Background and SignificanceThe review of literature w as conducted by utilizing the following databases: Cumulative Index to Nursing and Allied Health Literature (CINAHL), Google, Nursing Times, and Research Gate. Search terms included: music therapy, music, acute pain and postoperative pain. The review of literature proved that music, when used as an adjunct to pharmacologic therapy, is effective in reducing postoperative pain. Pain is an expected outcome of a surgical procedure, however unrelieved postoperative pain can lead to complications, delayed healing and, if not dealt with effectively, can become chronic (Swift, 2018, p. 25). According to Nilsson, Rawal, and Unosson, (2003) the best practice for postoperative pain control management should include both pharmacological and non-pharmacological methods (p. 700). Comeaux and Steele-Moses (2013) reported â€Å"According to the Joanna Briggs Institute (2009), music therapy as a non-pharmacological adjuvant to opioid analgesia is best practice in the management of pain and anxiety† (p. 313). In their own study, Comeaux and Steele-Moses (2013) found that the use of music therapy improved patient satisfaction of pain management in the postoperative period (p. 314). Another study also found that using music as an intervention tool in the acute postoperative period could be useful in promoting patient's comfort and improving perception of pain (Zografakis-Sfakiankakis et al., 2017). Nilsson et al. (2003) reported that â€Å"Music is a non-pharmacological technique, that is inexpensive, non-invasive and has no side-effects that have been shown to reduce postoperative pain† (p. 700). Music therapy has been beneficial in treating patients with a wide range of diagnoses and is effective in reducing patients' perception of anxiety and pain as well as the need for analgesia (American Music Therapy Association, 2010). While it has been proven that music can reduce postoperative pain, the preceding studies used pre-selected instrumental or classical music, there is limited research available in the clinical setting on the effects music has on pain with regards to providing patients with preferred music choices compared to providing them with pre-selected music. inlay and Anil (2015) conducted a cold pressor test study to induce experimental pain to determine the impact of music type on pain and stated that â€Å"Simply listening to music may not be sufficiently effective for managing pain if the music is not enjoyable for the listener†¦the more likable the music is to the individual, the better the effects of music listening on the pain† (p. 56). Therefore, it is important for nurses to know which type of music to implement, preferred or pre-selected, as an adjunct to reduce unrelieved postoperative pain.Participants and MethodologyThis study will be conducted as an experimental prospective randomized clinical trial in a Level II Trauma Center that has a complete team of general, specialty and trauma surgeons who perform a broad range of multiple surgeries daily. The anticipated number of participants is between 150 and 200 in a 2 month period. The inclusion criteria includes all patients age 18 or over who will be having an ele ctive surgical procedure done, have an anticipated stay of 3 days or more, are alert and oriented and able to read and write English (for questionnaire purposes). Exclusion criteria includes any patient with hearing loss or hearing deficit making it difficult to hear the music. Data will be collected by placing participants into two study groups, the study group (preferred music choice) and the control group (pre-selected music). Using Zografakis-Sfakiankakis' (2017) random selection algorithm participants, if they meet the inclusion criteria, will be selected by the following: on a typical surgical day, half of the patients, the 1st and 3rd patient or every other, will be included in the study group and then the 2nd and the 4th and so on will be included in the control group. A questionnaire will be given to all participants, since both groups with be listening to some type of music, and will include questions about demographic data including: gender, age, race, type of surgical procedure. The remaining questions will ask the participant to rate their pain using the numeric rating scale (0-10) before the start of and after listening to at least 30 minutes of music; what type of analgesic what administered for their pain; If any other non-pharmacologic intervention took place (i.e. repositioning or application of ice); what was the patient doing before, during and after listening to music (i.e. lying in bed, up in chair, walking in room/hall, talking with visitor, reading etc.); and the date and total time listened to music between each pain medication administration (with at least 30 minutes per session). The study group will be given an easy to use MP3 player with FM radio capability and will also be able to request their preferred songs and music to be downloaded to the device by the nurse researchers. The control group will also be given an easy to use MP3 player, without FM radio capability, that is loaded with pre-selected, by nurse researchers, instrumental/classical music. All groups will be provided with earphones to use in order to prevent disruption to other patients.RecruitmentUpon check-in at the hospital for their elective surgery prospective participants, who meet the inclusion criteria, will be asked if they would like to be involved in a voluntary research study during their hospitalization. The researchers will introduce themselves, including their credentials, and will verbally inform the individual that the study is trying to determine the effects that music has, in addition to receiving the standard of care for pain, on reducing postoperative pain. They will be informed that MP3 players as wells as earphones will be provided to them and that they will be required to fill out questionnaires during the study. Participants will be informed on how their information will be kept confidential, the risks and benefits of this study and after which will be encouraged to ask questions.Participant ConfidentialityTo ensure participant confidentiality and anonymity participants will be assigned a number that will be included on their questionnaires. The number that they are assigned will be determined by the order in which they leave the post anesthesia care unit (PACU). When leaving the PACU the nurse will give the known participants a manila folder that will contain the numbered questionnaires, MP3 player and instructions on use. The first paper that the participant will see when opening the folder will include a statement to them ensuring that the information that is collected from this study from them will not be divulged to others without permission. The instructions will inform the participants to place all questionnaires and MP3 player back in the envelope upon discharge, seal it and then leave it in the designated locked box at the nurses' station.Participant SafetyListening to music is beneficial, not harmful and non-invasive. Participants will still receive the standard of care for pain. Therefore, in this study there is no risk for harm or harmful deception as both groups will be provided with a music intervention, either preferred choice or pre-selected, along with the standard of care for pain. There is no anticipated adverse events seen in implementing the intervention of music listening.Consent ProcessAs part of the recruitment process, which includes providing information about the study, its pr ocedures and allowing for questions, participants who have met the inclusion criteria will be informed that their participation in this study is voluntary and that if they choose to participate that they can withdraw at any time without consequences. The other components of the informed consent will include: basis for selection; duration of participation; risks and benefits; confidentiality of records; names of investigators and contact person; statement of voluntary participation and then signature lines which will indicate consent. Even though signatures will be obtained at the time of recruitment for informed consent, the researcher will not know the identity of the participant once the study begins as they will be assigned numbers randomly as they leave the PACU. All participants will be alert and oriented consenting adults. The participants will also be informed that once this study is finished that it is the goal to have it published in a journal for medical professionals to use as evidence for best practice.Risks and BurdensAs stated earlier, there is to harmful effects or risks in the intervention of listening to music. However, potential burdens of this study could possibly occur when filling out the questionnaire. The participants will have to take time and effort to fill out the questionnaire each time they use the music therapy along with taking prescribed medication. This can pose as a possible inconvenience for them as they will be in a perceived state of pain.BenefitsThere are many potential benefits to the participants who take part in this study. As stated earlier music therapy has been beneficial in treating patients with a wide range of diagnoses and is effective in reducing patients' perception of anxiety and pain as well as t he need for analgesia (American Music Therapy Association, 2010). According to the American Music Therapy Association (2010) in addition to the reduction of pain and anxiety participants may experience: improved respiration, lower blood pressure, improved cardiac output, reduced heart rate, and relaxed muscle tension (p. 4). Furthermore, the results of this study can be beneficial in providing nurses and other healthcare providers with knowledge about the best type of music to use, along with the standard of care, in reducing unrelieved pain for their patients. This information can be shared and may be beneficial as an alternative to reducing pain in various other types of patient populations as well.Cost and PaymentThere will be no cost to the participants of this study as the MP3 players and the earphones will be provided to them by the researchers. No incentives will be given in recruitment or for participation in this study.Data and Document SecurityDocuments for this study will be kept by the patient in the provided manila folder. Once the par ticipant is discharged the sealed manila folder will be turned in by placing it in the designated locked box at the nurses' station. The folders will be picked up on a daily basis. Only the nurse researchers will have access to the locked box as well as the questionnaires. All questionnaire collected from the hospital will then be kept in a locked filing cabinet when not being used by the researchers. The data collected including informed consent will be kept for a period of 3 years.Follow-Up and Dissemination of ResultsParticipants will be given the researchers contact information and will have the option to contact the researchers after 3 months to either get the results of the study or be given an approximate date of when the results will be available. Upon completion of this study the aim is to present the research results at various presentations, submit the research results for peer review and then ultimately spread the knowledge and the evidence-based intervention through publication in a peer-reviewed journal.ConclusionIn conclusion, we have discussed the purpose of the study; background and significance; participants and methodology; recruitment; participant confidentiality; participant safety; consent process; risks and burdens; benefits; cost and payment; data and document security; and follow-up and dissemination of results. Researchers involved in this study welcome the critical evaluation of the IRB in order to ensure that the study will be conducted in a strong, ethical and legal manor.

Organizational Management Approach Analysis Management...

Organizational Management Approach Analysis Managers today have many different options when choosing a managerial theory to implement for their organizations. Knowledgeable managers must be aware of the different historical approaches and also able to determine which approach would be most effective for their unit. The established work structure of my unit currently utilizes elements of classical organizational theory, more specifically scientific management and bureaucratic theory. More recent theories, such as those that focus on human relations, are not applied as frequently. The purpose of this paper is to analyze the historical management theories utilized by my organization and determine whether they are appropriate. When areas in which my organization could be improved upon are identified, the recommendations of other management theories are considered for their possible effectiveness. 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